Retelling the Tale of Two Democracies - How Shifting Urban-Rural Dynamics Shaped Thailand’s 2023 General Election

This project analyzes the urban-rural divide in Thailand's 2023 general election using multi-dimensional data. By combining Meta's high-resolution population density estimates, VIIRS satellite night-time light data, and land use classification from Thailand's Land Development Department into a constituency-level urbanization index, I reveal how the traditional Bangkok-versus-countryside dichotomy has transformed into more complex urban-rural divides within individual provinces and constituencies. My analysis demonstrates that ideologically-driven parties with reform-oriented candidates perform better in urban areas, while parties specializing in candidate-centered, locally-driven campaigns achieve greater success in rural constituencies. The findings also reveal distinctive ballot-splitting behavior in rural areas, where voters support nationally appealing parties like the Move Forward Party in party-list voting while choosing local candidates from other parties for constituency seats, reflecting sophisticated strategic voting across the urban-rural spectrum.

Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

---
layout: page
title: project
description: a project with a background image
img: /assets/img/12.jpg
---
Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal it’s glory in the next row of images.

You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

<div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
        {% include figure.liquid path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
        {% include figure.liquid path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
    </div>
</div>